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Project Stages ISO 19650

1Appointment and RequirementsThe owner says what they need; the team says how it will deliver

ISO 19650-2 · 5.1–5.4 Assessment, Need, Tender and Appointment Owner Requirements and BIM Plan Responsibility Matrix Project Stage and Gates Delivery Register MIDP / TIDP One Project Team

2Design and ModelModel, drawings and quantities from one source

ISO 19650-2 · 5.5–5.6 Mobilisation and Collaborative Production IFC Model in the Browser Drawings and Shop Drawings Quantities from the Model Clashes Between Disciplines Design Review and Revisions Level of Information Need LOIN

3Common Data EnvironmentEvery file has a state and a revision; nobody works on an old copy

ISO 19650-1 · 12 The Common Data Environment Workflow File States in the CDE Transmittals and Revisions ISO 19650 File Naming Consultant Approvals WIR / MIR / NCR / RFI

4Construction on SiteThe site solves its problems fast, all on the model element

ISO 19650-2 · 5.6 Producing Information on Site Smart Site Problem Solving Daily Report and Manpower Inspection Requests WIR / MIR Concrete Pours and Cubes Attendance and Crews on Site Time and Cost 4D / 5D

5HandoverThe building is handed over with all its data

ISO 19650-2 · 5.7–5.8 Model Delivery and Project Close-Out Snags and Handover COBie Inside the Model Handover Pack and Asset Model

6Asset Management and OperationAfter handover: maintenance and operation from the same data

ISO 19650-3 The Operational Phase of Assets Maintenance and Work Orders Digital Twin and Energy Lessons Learned on Site

Digital Twin

Suppliers and FactoriesSupplier and Factory Portal Material Approvals MIR Deliveries to Site Factory Production and Tracing

Ezzat AcademyBIM and Execution Courses Lessons Learned on Site Certificates with a Check Code

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NewsReality view: see the design as if it were builtReal sky, sun, shadows and materials; walk inside the building, and on a phone turn it to look around.TermsTerm of the day: CDE · Common Data EnvironmentCommon data environment: the one place holding all the project's information, where each file has a state, revision and history. A file moves through 4 states: work in progress (WIP) → shared → published → archive. Nobody works on an old copy.Engineer RolesSite engineerThe site engineer turns drawings into real work: assigns the crews, follows pours, rebar and finishes, asks the consultant to inspect, and writes the daily report. Every problem on site reaches them first.Platform CapabilitiesOwner Requirements and BIM PlanThe owner's information requirements (EIR) and the BIM execution plan (BEP) in one place; every line has an owner and a date.Construction MethodsExcavation, backfill and compaction1) Excavate to design level with shoring or safe side slopes 2) Dewater if the water table is high 3) Get the formation level inspected 4) Backfill in layers of no more than 25–30 cm 5) Water to optimum moisture and compact with a roller 6) Field density test on every layer: 95% of modified Proctor or per the specificationNewsSite simulation on the modelWalk at eye level, drive a machine along a route you draw with clashes shown in red, and lift a load with a crane while checking the jib reach.TermsWIP · Work in ProgressWork in progress: the first state of a file in the CDE. The team works on it internally and nobody outside the team sees it. Status code S0.Engineer RolesSite managerThe site manager leads all the site engineers, crews and plant. They plan the daily and weekly work, solve the problems engineers cannot, and follow safety, quality and progress.Platform CapabilitiesResponsibility MatrixWho does what at each stage: owner, consultant, contractor and subcontractor, each with only the rights they need.Construction MethodsIsolated footings1) Inspect the formation 2) Blinding concrete about 10 cm 3) Bitumen or membrane waterproofing per design 4) Fix footing steel and column starter bars with the required cover 5) Side formwork, then WIR for rebar and formwork 6) Pour, vibrate and keep moist for 7 days 7) Waterproof the sides and backfill in layersNewsEvery discipline and building system in the model windowArchitecture, structure, steel, MEP, scaffolding, equipment and civil each on its own button, plus 20 systems such as rebar, formwork, scaffolding and post-tensioning, each shown on its own.TermsS0–S4 · Suitability codesSuitability codes in the CDE per the UK National Annex: they say what a file may be used for. S0 work in progress, S1 suitable for coordination, S2 for information, S3 for review and comment, S4 for stage approval.Engineer RolesMEP engineerThe MEP engineer owns everything inside the walls and ceilings: cables, pipes, air ducts and sprinklers. They make sure none of it clashes with the structure, receive equipment from suppliers, and run pressure and commissioning tests before handover.Platform CapabilitiesProject Stage and GatesThe project knows which stage it is in, 0 to 7, and the next stage opens only once the gate items are closed.Construction MethodsBored piles1) Set out the pile centre 2) Install the casing 3) Bore under bentonite or polymer to hold the sides 4) Clean the base and sound the depth 5) Lower the reinforcement cage with spacers 6) Tremie-pour bottom-up without stopping, the pipe always embedded in concrete 7) Withdraw the casing 8) Integrity test, and load test on selected pilesNewsUp to 6 model windows at onceEach window orbits, zooms and measures on its own and can pop out to a second screen, with view control, levels and the element's properties docked on the right.TermsA / B / CR · Published codesPublished codes in the CDE: A authorised and accepted (A1, A2… by stage), B partially authorised with comments to resolve (B1, B2…), CR as-constructed record for handover.Engineer RolesLand surveyorThe surveyor sets out where everything goes on the ground before it is built: gridlines, levels, column corners and plot limits. After building, they measure what was really built and compare it with the design.Platform CapabilitiesDelivery Register MIDP / TIDPEvery piece of information due has a stage, a task team, an owner and a date; late items reach the morning message.Construction MethodsCasting RC columns1) Set out the column from the grids 2) Fix rebar: count, sizes, links and lap length per drawings 3) Spacers for cover 4) Oiled, braced formwork checked for plumb 5) Raise the WIR 6) Slump test and take cubes 7) Pour in layers with a poker vibrator, avoiding a long free drop that segregates the mix 8) Strike after about 24 h and cure for 7 daysNewsMeasure on the model and cut sectionsMeasure between points that snap to element corners, read X Y Z of any point, use a section box, x-ray, saved views and a picture, and Clear to reset everything.TermsP01 / C01 · Revision codesRevision codes: P (preliminary) for revisions before approval: P01, P02, with internal versions P01.01, P01.02. C (contractual) once published and approved: C01, C02. The letter tells you whether the drawing is binding.Engineer RolesRoads and infrastructure engineerThe infrastructure engineer builds roads and the drainage, water, power and telecom networks. The work stretches over long distances and is measured by kilometre and chainage, not by floor.Platform CapabilitiesOne Project TeamOne project for owner, consultant and contractor; each sees and does only their part.Construction MethodsSlab and beam pour1) Formwork and props at the right level, camber checked 2) Beam steel then slab steel on chairs and spacers 3) MEP conduits, sleeves and openings before the pour 4) WIR signed by every discipline 5) Continuous pour, construction joints only where approved 6) Vibrate, screed and power-float 7) Moist curing for at least 7 days 8) Strike sides early and props per the specification (often 7–14 days with reshoring)NewsThe drawing tool with a professional command ribbonDraw, Modify, Structure and View tabs; trim, extend, fillet, split, align, stretch and hatch; right-click and double-click, temporary dimensions, and Space repeats the last command.TermsIFC · Industry Foundation ClassesIndustry Foundation Classes: the open model format (ISO 16739-1), owned by no vendor. Any software can read and write it, so the owner is not locked to one tool. Every element has a type (IfcWall, IfcColumn…), a permanent GUID and properties. IFC 4.3 adds roads, bridges and rail.Engineer RolesHSE officerThe HSE officer keeps people safe on site: walks the site looking for hazards, checks work permits, scaffolds and protective gear, gives the morning toolbox talk, and investigates any incident so it does not happen again.Platform CapabilitiesIFC Model in the BrowserEDC builds the model with you, or upload IFC and see it on any device without software; everything hangs on its element.Construction MethodsFresh and hardened concrete tests1) Check the delivery ticket: grade and time since batching 2) Slump test on arrival 3) Measure concrete temperature 4) 150 mm cubes (or cylinders) per the specification's volume rate 5) Cure the samples in water 6) Crush at 7 days as an indicator and 28 days for acceptance 7) If low: cores from the structure or non-destructive testsNewsCommand line and split views in the drawing toolType a command alias and get suggestions, split the screen into 2, 3 or 4 panes: plan, 3D, section and sheet, and see the whole building solid in 3D.TermsBCF · BIM Collaboration FormatBIM Collaboration Format: a small file for an issue on the model: the snapshot, viewpoint, the elements concerned (GUID), comments and status. It moves between tools without sending the whole model.Engineer RolesQA/QC engineerThe QA/QC engineer makes sure everything is built to the specs and drawings: checks before each pour, receives materials, follows cube and soil tests, and closes snags with the consultant.Platform CapabilitiesDrawings and Shop DrawingsDrawings and shop drawings come out of the model by themselves, with their revisions, and get approved on the platform.Construction MethodsHot-weather concreting (Gulf)1) Pour at night or early morning 2) Chilled water or ice in the mix 3) Concrete temperature at placing no more than 32 °C or per the specification 4) Spray formwork and steel with cool water before the pour 5) Retarding admixtures 6) Wet hessian or curing compound right after finishing 7) Windbreaks to cut evaporation and plastic cracksNewsSlanted and arc grids, curved beams and wallsDraw grids at any angle or on an arc, edit levels in elevation (Z), and draw curved beams and walls and round or polygon slabs.TermsCOBie · Construction Operations Building information exchangeConstruction Operations Building information exchange: spreadsheet tables holding data on every asset that needs maintenance: location, type, manufacturer, serial number, warranty, maintenance plan. It is what gets loaded into the facility management system.Engineer RolesTesting lab engineerThe lab engineer takes samples on site and tests them: concrete cubes, soil compaction, rebar tension and asphalt. Their result says whether a material or an element passes.Platform CapabilitiesQuantities from the ModelQuantities come out of the model and can be edited; each BOQ item is tied to its elements.Construction MethodsRebar inspection1) Mill certificate and tensile test samples 2) Sizes, numbers and spacings per the detail drawings 3) Lap lengths, staggering and positions 4) Links, their spacing and hooks 5) Cover with spacers 6) Bars clean of loose rust and oil 7) Tied firmly so nothing moves during the pourNewsFree drafting with layers, and site equipmentDraft lines, circles and text on layers like CAD, and place site equipment such as cranes, scaffolds and shoring, each with its plan symbol and dimensions.TermsIDS · Information Delivery SpecificationInformation Delivery Specification: an XML file that writes information requirements so a computer can read them: «every door must have FireRating». Software checks the model automatically and lists the elements that fail.Engineer RolesProject managerThe project manager is responsible for finishing on time, within budget and at the right quality. They lead the team and contractors, follow the schedule and the cost, and report to the owner and management.Platform CapabilitiesClashes Between DisciplinesClashes between structure, architecture and MEP show on the model; each clash becomes an RFI.Construction MethodsBlockwork1) Set out the first course from the grids 2) Cement–sand mortar per the specification, joints about 10 mm 3) Stagger the vertical joints 4) Tie into columns with wall ties every few courses 5) Concrete lintels over openings 6) No more than about 1.5 m height a day 7) Line and level on every course 8) Leave a gap under the slab and pack it once the wall has settledNewsDraw the model in EDC: grids, levels, columns, slabs, beams and walls, saved as IFCTermsMVD · Model View DefinitionModel View Definition: an agreed subset of IFC for one purpose, so tools export and read the same thing. Examples: Coordination View for coordination, Reference View for viewing.Engineer RolesPlanning engineerThe planning engineer builds the project schedule: breaks the work into activities, sets each one's duration and order, and finds the critical path. Each week they update progress and say whether the project is behind or ahead.Platform CapabilitiesDesign Review and RevisionsReview comments on the model and drawings, and what each new revision changes.Construction MethodsPlastering1) Wet the wall and apply a spatter dash 2) Mesh where concrete meets blockwork 3) Dots and screeds by level for flatness 4) First coat then second, about 20 mm total or per the specification 5) Corner beads on arrises 6) Spray-cure for two or three days 7) Check flatness with a straight edgeNewsProject stage and gatesThe project knows which stage it is in, 0 to 7, and the next stage opens only once the gate items are closed.TermsbSDD · buildingSMART Data DictionarybuildingSMART Data Dictionary: a shared online dictionary of properties and classifications (Uniclass, OmniClass…), so «fire rating» means the same thing in every tool and country.Engineer RolesQuantity surveyorThe quantity surveyor works out the quantity and cost of every item: concrete, rebar, blockwork and finishes. They prepare payment certificates for contractors and the owner, follow variations, and say whether cost is on track or over.Platform CapabilitiesLevel of Information Need LOINFor every element type and stage: the level of detail and the properties required; the IDS check shows what the model is missing.Construction MethodsBasement membrane waterproofing1) Clean, dry, smooth surface 2) Fillets at internal corners 3) Primer 4) Membrane rolls with about 10 cm laps, torch-welded 5) Extra layer at corners and pipe penetrations 6) Inspection before covering 7) Protection board or screed before backfillNewsISO 19650 file naming and suitability codes S0–S4TermsAMS · Asset Management SystemAsset management system: the system (process and software) the owner uses to manage assets over their life: maintenance, renewal, cost, risk. Its standards are ISO 55000.Engineer RolesContracts and claims engineerThe contracts engineer knows the contract clause by clause, such as FIDIC, and makes sure the company sends its notices on time. They prepare extension-of-time and cost claims and answer the other party's claims.Platform CapabilitiesFile States in the CDEEvery file moves Work in progress → Shared → Published → Archived, with a status code and revision; every move is logged.Construction MethodsRoof waterproofing and flood test1) Screed to falls towards the drains 2) Primer and membrane turned up the parapet 15–20 cm 3) Reinforce around the drains 4) Plug the drains and flood 5–10 cm for 48–72 h 5) Inspect the soffit below 6) Protection, thermal insulation, then the finishNewsA BIM glossary: 31 acronyms explainedTermsCAFM · Computer-Aided Facility ManagementComputer-aided facility management: the software the maintenance team uses daily: work orders, planned maintenance, call-outs, space. Its first data comes from COBie.Engineer RolesProcurement officerThe procurement officer gets materials and equipment to the project: asks suppliers for quotes, compares them, issues the purchase order, and makes sure delivery arrives on time before site work stops.Platform CapabilitiesTransmittals and RevisionsEvery transmittal has a number, a time and who received it; the older revision is marked superseded by itself.Construction MethodsFloor tiling1) Level substrate, falls checked 2) Adhesive with a notched trowel on floor and tile back 3) Spacers for the joint width 4) Movement joints at walls and in large areas 5) Check level and flatness with a straight edge 6) Grout after 24 h 7) No traffic before the adhesive setsNewsEvery term is now a full lesson in Ezzat Academy: what it is, who writes it, when, and a site exampleTermsEV / CPI / SPI · Earned Value / Cost and Schedule Performance IndexEarned value: measures the project in money. PV planned value, EV the value of work actually done, AC actual cost. CPI = EV ÷ AC (below 1 means overspending). SPI = EV ÷ PV (below 1 means behind schedule).Engineer RolesDocument controllerThe document controller keeps and sends out every project document: drawings and their revisions, letters, inspection requests and minutes. They make sure site works from the latest approved revision, not an old one.Platform CapabilitiesISO 19650 File NamingEvery file is named in the same order: project, originator, volume, level, type, role, number; a wrong name is refused.Construction MethodsSteel erection1) Check anchor bolts: position, level and projection 2) Lift and temporarily brace the columns 3) Fit beams and bracing 4) Plumb before final bolting 5) Tighten bolts to the specified torque 6) Visual and NDT weld checks per the specification 7) Grout under the base plates 8) Touch up damaged paintNewsOne look for the platform: EDC dark and lightTerms3D – 7D · BIM dimensionsBIM dimensions: 3D geometry, 4D time (elements linked to the schedule), 5D cost (quantities × rates), 6D sustainability and energy, 7D operation and maintenance. The 6D/7D numbering is not universal, so define it in the EIR.Engineer RolesArchitect / designerThe architect and designer turn the owner's idea into drawings and a model: plans, elevations, sections and finishes. During construction they answer site questions and approve any change.Platform CapabilitiesConsultant Approvals WIR / MIR / NCR / RFIEvery request in one place, with what waits on you first.Construction MethodsWater pipe pressure test1) Cap the ends and bleed the air 2) Fill with water and let it settle 3) Pressurise to 1.5 × working pressure or per the specification 4) Hold for the required time (often 2 h) 5) No gauge drop and no leaks 6) Record the result and sign off before coveringNews28 engineer types, each with its own voiced filmTermsBIM · Building Information ModellingA way of working that manages a building's information over its whole life: a 3D model where every element knows what it is (column, door, AC unit) and carries its data, and from which drawings, quantities, schedule and cost come out. BIM is not a software; it is the process and standards that keep every party working on the same information.Engineer RolesInterior designerThe interior designer sets how the space looks inside: floors, walls, ceilings, lighting and furniture. They choose materials and their samples, and check that the work matches the design.Platform CapabilitiesSmart Site Problem SolvingFrom a photo of the problem to an approved engineering fix in minutes; the fix stays a lesson for the company.Construction MethodsFire sprinklers1) Civil-defence approved drawings 2) Pipe hangers at code spacing 3) Check head spacing from walls and soffit 4) Hydrostatic test (usually 200 psi for 2 h per NFPA 13) 5) Flush the system 6) Test the control valve set and alarm 7) Civil-defence handover and approvalNewsFilms with a voice in six languagesTermsOIR · Organizational Information RequirementsOrganisational information requirements: what the owner as a company (not one project) needs to know to meet its goals: operation, maintenance, financial reporting, sustainability, regulation. It is the top level, and every other requirement flows from it.Engineer RolesStructural engineerThe structural engineer designs the frame that carries the building: foundations, columns, beams and slabs, and sets the concrete sizes and rebar. During construction they check rebar shop drawings and answer site problems.Platform CapabilitiesDaily Report and ManpowerThe daily report from a phone in two minutes; the weekly and monthly ones build themselves.Construction MethodsA proper inspection request (WIR)1) Finish the item and self-check against the checklist 2) Have the latest approved drawing ready 3) Submit with the notice period set in the contract 4) State location, element and activity 5) Joint inspection with the consultant 6) Result: approved, approved with comments, or rejected 7) Never cover work before it is acceptedNewsEDC on Windows and MacTermsAIR · Asset Information RequirementsAsset information requirements: the information that must be handed over with the building so it can be run and maintained: equipment, makes and models, warranties, maintenance schedules, spare parts. It flows from the OIR.Engineer RolesGeotechnical engineerThe geotechnical engineer drills boreholes, reads the soil layers and the groundwater level, and sets the soil's bearing capacity and the right foundation: raft, footings or piles.Platform CapabilitiesInspection Requests WIR / MIRThe contractor sends the request with photos from site; the consultant approves from their phone.Construction MethodsSetting out1) Take the survey control points and benchmark from the consultant 2) Set the gridlines with a total station from two fixed points 3) Mark the grids on the ground and on profile boards 4) Check diagonals and grid spacings 5) Transfer levels from the benchmark with a level 6) Get the setting-out inspected before excavationNewsReality view: see the design as if it were builtReal sky, sun, shadows and materials; walk inside the building, and on a phone turn it to look around.TermsPIR · Project Information RequirementsProject information requirements: what the owner needs during the project to make its decisions at each key decision point: is the design right? Is cost within budget? Go on or stop?Engineer RolesBIM coordinatorThe BIM coordinator brings every discipline's model into one coordinated model, hunts for clashes, and checks that the information inside it is complete and right against the owner's requirements (EIR).Platform CapabilitiesConcrete Pours and CubesEach pour recorded with its place and volume; cube results arrive by themselves.Construction MethodsISO 19650-2 · 5.1–5.4 · Assessment, Need, Tender and AppointmentThe appointing party sets the information it needs (OIR / PIR / AIR / EIR) and how it is exchanged; bidders answer with a BIM execution plan and are assessed before the appointment.NewsSite simulation on the modelWalk at eye level, drive a machine along a route you draw with clashes shown in red, and lift a load with a crane while checking the jib reach.TermsEIR · Exchange Information RequirementsExchange information requirements: the document in which the owner tells the contractor or designer exactly what information it wants, in which format, at what level of information need (LOIN), when it is delivered and how it will be checked and accepted. It is part of the tender and contract documents, and each lead party writes one for the parties below it.Engineer RolesFire and life safety engineerThe fire engineer designs and checks alarm, sprinkler and suppression systems, emergency exits and escape distances. They prepare the civil defence file and attend its tests before the building opens.Platform CapabilitiesAttendance and Crews on SiteAttendance tied to the site's location; crews and hours flow into the report.Construction MethodsISO 19650-2 · 5.5–5.6 · Mobilisation and Collaborative ProductionAfter the appointment the team confirms the execution plan and the information delivery plans (MIDP / TIDP), sets up and tests its tools, then produces the models together and checks them before sharing.NewsEvery discipline and building system in the model windowArchitecture, structure, steel, MEP, scaffolding, equipment and civil each on its own button, plus 20 systems such as rebar, formwork, scaffolding and post-tensioning, each shown on its own.TermsLOIN · Level of Information NeedLevel of information need: sets, for each element, at each stage and for each purpose, how much information is needed: geometry, alphanumeric data and documentation. The rule: ask only for what you need, no more, no less. It replaces LOD/LOI.Engineer RolesSustainability engineerThe sustainability engineer cuts the building's energy and water use and picks materials that harm the environment less. They prepare the green rating file, such as Estidama in Abu Dhabi or LEED.Platform CapabilitiesTime and Cost 4D / 5DThe schedule on the model; cost and payment certificates from the same numbers.Construction MethodsISO 19650-1 · 12 · The Common Data Environment WorkflowThe common data environment is the one place for all project information: every container moves from Work in progress to Shared to Published to Archived, with a status code and revision, and every move is logged.NewsUp to 6 model windows at onceEach window orbits, zooms and measures on its own and can pop out to a second screen, with view control, levels and the element's properties docked on the right.TermsBEP · BIM Execution PlanBIM execution plan: the delivery team's answer to the EIR, explaining how it will deliver the information: who is responsible for what, with which software, naming codes, CDE, how coordination and clash detection are done. There is a pre-appointment BEP (the offer) and a post-appointment BEP (detailed and binding).Engineer RolesOwner and managementThe owner is who the project is for and who pays: sets what they want, for how much and by when, appoints the consultant and contractor, and approves payments and changes. They need the truth about their project without waiting for a report.Platform CapabilitiesSnags and HandoverEvery snag on its model element with a photo, followed until it is closed and handed over.Construction MethodsISO 19650-2 · 5.6 · Producing Information on SiteDuring construction information is produced on site itself: inspections, quality, reports and changes, all tied to the model element and checked before they are shared.NewsMeasure on the model and cut sectionsMeasure between points that snap to element corners, read X Y Z of any point, use a section box, x-ray, saved views and a picture, and Clear to reset everything.TermsMIDP · Master Information Delivery PlanMaster information delivery plan: the big schedule of every information container the whole delivery team will deliver: each drawing, model and document, who is responsible and when it is due. It is assembled from all the TIDPs.Engineer RolesConsultant and inspectorThe consultant represents the owner on site: reviews the contractor's drawings, inspects and accepts the work, approves materials and rejects anything wrong. They make sure the building is built right.Platform CapabilitiesCOBie Inside the ModelHandover data for every asset on its model element, with what is missing shown in colour.Construction MethodsISO 19650-2 · 5.7–5.8 · Model Delivery and Project Close-OutThe information model is submitted for the appointing party to review and accept; then the project closes: the project model becomes the asset model, information is archived and lessons learned are kept.NewsThe drawing tool with a professional command ribbonDraw, Modify, Structure and View tabs; trim, extend, fillet, split, align, stretch and hatch; right-click and double-click, temporary dimensions, and Space repeats the last command.TermsTIDP · Task Information Delivery PlanTask information delivery plan: one task team's delivery schedule (structure, architecture, electrical…). Each team writes one, and together they form the MIDP.Engineer RolesMain contractorThe main contractor is the company that signed with the owner and builds the whole project. It runs its own engineers and crews, manages subcontractors and suppliers, and answers to the consultant for quality, time and safety.Platform CapabilitiesHandover Pack and Asset ModelThe handover pack builds itself: as-built drawings, certificates, warranties and COBie data, becoming the owner's asset information model (AIM).Construction MethodsISO 19650-3 · The Operational Phase of AssetsPart 3 of the standard covers the operational phase: the asset information model stays up to date with every maintenance job or change, and each trigger event updates its data.NewsCommand line and split views in the drawing toolType a command alias and get suggestions, split the screen into 2, 3 or 4 panes: plan, 3D, section and sheet, and see the whole building solid in 3D.TermsRACI · Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, InformedResponsibility matrix: for each task, who does it (Responsible), who answers for it (Accountable), who is asked (Consulted) and who is told (Informed). In BIM it sets who produces each piece of information and who checks and approves it.Engineer RolesSubcontractorA subcontractor takes one part of the work from the main contractor, such as waterproofing, aluminium or electrical. They build it with their own crew, ask for inspection, and submit a payment claim for what they finished.Platform CapabilitiesMaintenance and Work OrdersEvery asset has a QR and a maintenance plan; a fault becomes a work order with a response time, and warranties show before they end.Construction MethodsExcavation, backfill and compaction1) Excavate to design level with shoring or safe side slopes 2) Dewater if the water table is high 3) Get the formation level inspected 4) Backfill in layers of no more than 25–30 cm 5) Water to optimum moisture and compact with a roller 6) Field density test on every layer: 95% of modified Proctor or per the specificationNewsSlanted and arc grids, curved beams and wallsDraw grids at any angle or on an arc, edit levels in elevation (Z), and draw curved beams and walls and round or polygon slabs.TermsRIBA · Royal Institute of British ArchitectsThe RIBA Plan of Work: splits a project into 8 stages, 0 to 7: strategic definition, preparation and briefing, concept design, spatial coordination, technical design, manufacturing and construction, handover, use. Many Gulf projects use it to name stages.Engineer RolesSupplierThe supplier sells and delivers materials and equipment: rebar, cement, ready-mix concrete, blocks, or HVAC and electrical equipment. Their material must be approved first, then delivered when the site needs it.Platform CapabilitiesDigital Twin and EnergySensor readings on the model; an alarm becomes a work order; energy use per system.Construction MethodsIsolated footings1) Inspect the formation 2) Blinding concrete about 10 cm 3) Bitumen or membrane waterproofing per design 4) Fix footing steel and column starter bars with the required cover 5) Side formwork, then WIR for rebar and formwork 6) Pour, vibrate and keep moist for 7 days 7) Waterproof the sides and backfill in layersNewsFree drafting with layers, and site equipmentDraft lines, circles and text on layers like CAD, and place site equipment such as cranes, scaffolds and shoring, each with its plan symbol and dimensions.TermsPIM · Project Information ModelProject information model: all information produced during design and construction: models, drawings, documents, approvals. It grows through the project, and at the end the required part moves into the AIM.Engineer RolesFactory / manufacturerThe factory makes parts of the building off site and sends them ready: precast slabs and columns, cut-and-bent rebar, aluminium windows or MEP modules. It must make each piece to the right size and deliver in the order the site will install.Platform CapabilitiesLessons Learned on SiteEvery problem solved on site becomes a lesson the whole company can go back to.Construction MethodsBored piles1) Set out the pile centre 2) Install the casing 3) Bore under bentonite or polymer to hold the sides 4) Clean the base and sound the depth 5) Lower the reinforcement cage with spacers 6) Tremie-pour bottom-up without stopping, the pipe always embedded in concrete 7) Withdraw the casing 8) Integrity test, and load test on selected pilesNewsDraw the model in EDC: grids, levels, columns, slabs, beams and walls, saved as IFCTermsAIM · Asset Information ModelAsset information model: the information the owner runs the building with after handover: as-built model, equipment data (COBie), warranties, O&M manuals. It lives for the whole life of the building.Engineer RolesFacility managerThe facility manager takes over the building when it is finished and runs it for years: keeps track of equipment and assets, schedules routine maintenance, and fixes faults fast so the people inside are not affected.Platform CapabilitiesOwner Requirements and BIM PlanThe owner's information requirements (EIR) and the BIM execution plan (BEP) in one place; every line has an owner and a date.Construction MethodsCasting RC columns1) Set out the column from the grids 2) Fix rebar: count, sizes, links and lap length per drawings 3) Spacers for cover 4) Oiled, braced formwork checked for plumb 5) Raise the WIR 6) Slump test and take cubes 7) Pour in layers with a poker vibrator, avoiding a long free drop that segregates the mix 8) Strike after about 24 h and cure for 7 daysNewsProject stage and gatesThe project knows which stage it is in, 0 to 7, and the next stage opens only once the gate items are closed.TermsLOD · Level of DevelopmentLevel of development: how far an element is developed in the model (100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500), geometry and information together. From the US BIMForum. ISO 19650 replaces it with LOIN, but it is still common in the Gulf.Engineer RolesSite engineerThe site engineer turns drawings into real work: assigns the crews, follows pours, rebar and finishes, asks the consultant to inspect, and writes the daily report. Every problem on site reaches them first.Platform CapabilitiesResponsibility MatrixWho does what at each stage: owner, consultant, contractor and subcontractor, each with only the rights they need.Construction MethodsSlab and beam pour1) Formwork and props at the right level, camber checked 2) Beam steel then slab steel on chairs and spacers 3) MEP conduits, sleeves and openings before the pour 4) WIR signed by every discipline 5) Continuous pour, construction joints only where approved 6) Vibrate, screed and power-float 7) Moist curing for at least 7 days 8) Strike sides early and props per the specification (often 7–14 days with reshoring)NewsISO 19650 file naming and suitability codes S0–S4TermsLOI · Level of InformationLevel of information: how much non-graphical data an element carries: material, manufacturer, performance, warranty. It used to sit beside LOD in the old British PAS 1192; now it is part of LOIN.Engineer RolesSite managerThe site manager leads all the site engineers, crews and plant. They plan the daily and weekly work, solve the problems engineers cannot, and follow safety, quality and progress.Platform CapabilitiesProject Stage and GatesThe project knows which stage it is in, 0 to 7, and the next stage opens only once the gate items are closed.Construction MethodsFresh and hardened concrete tests1) Check the delivery ticket: grade and time since batching 2) Slump test on arrival 3) Measure concrete temperature 4) 150 mm cubes (or cylinders) per the specification's volume rate 5) Cure the samples in water 6) Crush at 7 days as an indicator and 28 days for acceptance 7) If low: cores from the structure or non-destructive testsNewsA BIM glossary: 31 acronyms explainedTermsVDC · Virtual Design and ConstructionVirtual design and construction: managing the whole project through the model: rehearsing construction on the computer before site (sequence, clashes, logistics, time, cost) and measuring results. Broader than BIM because it covers process and people too.Engineer RolesMEP engineerThe MEP engineer owns everything inside the walls and ceilings: cables, pipes, air ducts and sprinklers. They make sure none of it clashes with the structure, receive equipment from suppliers, and run pressure and commissioning tests before handover.Platform CapabilitiesDelivery Register MIDP / TIDPEvery piece of information due has a stage, a task team, an owner and a date; late items reach the morning message.Construction MethodsHot-weather concreting (Gulf)1) Pour at night or early morning 2) Chilled water or ice in the mix 3) Concrete temperature at placing no more than 32 °C or per the specification 4) Spray formwork and steel with cool water before the pour 5) Retarding admixtures 6) Wet hessian or curing compound right after finishing 7) Windbreaks to cut evaporation and plastic cracksConstruction MethodsSlab and beam pour1) Formwork and props at the right level, camber checked 2) Beam steel then slab steel on chairs and spacers 3) MEP conduits, sleeves and openings before the pour 4) WIR signed by every discipline 5) Continuous pour, construction joints only where approved 6) Vibrate, screed and power-float 7) Moist curing for at least 7 days 8) Strike sides early and props per the specification (often 7–14 days with reshoring)Construction MethodsBlockwork1) Set out the first course from the grids 2) Cement–sand mortar per the specification, joints about 10 mm 3) Stagger the vertical joints 4) Tie into columns with wall ties every few courses 5) Concrete lintels over openings 6) No more than about 1.5 m height a day 7) Line and level on every course 8) Leave a gap under the slab and pack it once the wall has settledTermsEIR · Exchange Information RequirementsExchange information requirements: the document in which the owner tells the contractor or designer exactly what information it wants, in which format, at what level of information need (LOIN), when it is delivered and how it will be checked and accepted. It is part of the tender and contract documents, and each lead party writes one for the parties below it.Construction MethodsSlab and beam pour1) Formwork and props at the right level, camber checked 2) Beam steel then slab steel on chairs and spacers 3) MEP conduits, sleeves and openings before the pour 4) WIR signed by every discipline 5) Continuous pour, construction joints only where approved 6) Vibrate, screed and power-float 7) Moist curing for at least 7 days 8) Strike sides early and props per the specification (often 7–14 days with reshoring)